A Bankart lesion is a type of shoulder

injury An injury is any physiological damage to living tissue caused by immediate physical stress. An injury can occur intentionally or unintentionally and may be caused by blunt trauma, penetrating trauma, burning, toxic exposure, asphyxiation, o ...

that occurs following a dislocated shoulder. It is an

of the

anterior Standard anatomical terms of location are used to unambiguously describe the anatomy of animals, including humans. The terms, typically derived from Latin or Greek roots, describe something in its standard anatomical position. This position prov ...

(

inferior Inferior may refer to: * Inferiority complex * An Anatomical terms of location#Superior and inferior, anatomical term of location * Inferior angle of the scapula, in the human skeleton *Inferior (book), ''Inferior'' (book), by Angela Saini * ''The ...

)

glenoid labrum The glenoid labrum (glenoid ligament) is a fibrocartilaginous structure (not a fibrocartilage as previously thought) rim attached around the margin of the glenoid cavity in the shoulder blade. The shoulder joint is considered a ball and socket ...

of the shoulder. When this happens, a pocket at the front of the glenoid forms that allows the humeral head to dislocate into it. It is an indication for

surgery Surgery ''cheirourgikē'' (composed of χείρ, "hand", and ἔργον, "work"), via la, chirurgiae, meaning "hand work". is a medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a person to investigate or treat a pat ...

and often accompanied by a Hill-Sachs lesion, damage to the posterior humeral head. A bony Bankart is a Bankart lesion that includes a

fracture Fracture is the separation of an object or material into two or more pieces under the action of stress. The fracture of a solid usually occurs due to the development of certain displacement discontinuity surfaces within the solid. If a displa ...

of the anterior-inferior glenoid cavity of the

scapula bone The scapula (plural scapulae or scapulas), also known as the shoulder blade, is the bone that connects the humerus (upper arm bone) with the clavicle (collar bone). Like their connected bones, the scapulae are paired, with each scapula on either ...

. The Bankart lesion is named after English orthopedic surgeon Arthur Sydney Blundell Bankart (1879–1951).

Diagnosis

The diagnosis is usually initially made by a combination of physical exam and

medical imaging Medical imaging is the technique and process of imaging the interior of a body for clinical analysis and medical intervention, as well as visual representation of the function of some organs or tissues (physiology). Medical imaging seeks to rev ...

, where the latter may be projectional radiography (in cases of bony Bankart) and/or MRI of the shoulder. The presence of intra-articular contrast allows for better evaluation of the

. Type V SLAP tears extends into the Bankart defect.

Treatment

Arthroscopic repair of Bankart injuries have good success rates, though nearly one-third of patients require further surgery for continued instability after the initial procedure in a study of young adults, with higher re-operation rates in those less than 20 years of age. Options for repair include an arthroscopic technique or a more invasive open

Latarjet procedure The Latarjet operation, also known as the Latarjet-Bristow procedure, is a surgical procedure used to treat recurrent shoulder dislocations, typically caused by bone loss or a fracture of the glenoid. The procedure was first described by French sur ...

, with the open technique tending to have a lower incidence of recurrent dislocation, but also a reduced range of motion following surgery.

Gallery

File:Shoulder dislocation with Bankart and Hill-Sachs lesion, before and after reduction.jpg, X-ray at left shows anterior dislocation in a young man after trying to get up from his bed. X-ray at right shows same shoulder after reduction and internal rotation, revealing both a bony Bankart lesion and a Hill-Sachs lesion. File:CT. Bony Bankart lesion at the antero-inferior glenoid. Clearly dislocated at the cranial part. Humeral head is still centered..jpg, CT scan showing a bony Bankart lesion at the antero-inferior glenoid File:Post Dislocated shoulder MRI 01.png, MRI of the shoulder after an anterior dislocation showing a Hill-Sachs lesion and labral Bankart lesion File:Bankart lesion seen at arthroscopy.png, Bankart lesion seen at arthroscopy File:CR. Bony Bankart lesion with stationary fragment at the inferior glenoid..jpg, Radiograph showing a bony Bankart lesion with stationary fragment at the inferior glenoid File:3-D CT reconstruction of Bankart lesion which occurred post anterior shoulder dislocation.jpg, 3-D CT reconstruction of a bankart lesion which occurred post anterior shoulder dislocation. This subject's humerus remains mildly superiorly subluxated. Fracture marked by a black arrow.

References

External links

Bankart lesion
- zadeh.co.uk {{Dislocations, sprains and strains Dislocations, sprains and strains Orthopedic problems Lesion

Diagnosis

Treatment

Gallery

See also

References

External links